A well-designed flap provides passive, unobstructed vision and preserves local vascular perfusion.

• Base-to-Apex Ratio: The base of your flap must always be wider than the free gingival margin to maintain an uninterrupted apical blood supply.

• Incision Placement: Carry the incision through the attached gingiva, placing vertical releases at the line angles of adjacent teeth—never mid-radicular or directly over the socket defect.

• Anatomical Keep-Out Zones: Avoid vertical releasing incisions on the lingual aspect of the mandible (lingual nerve risk) and the palatal mucosa between premolars and molars (greater palatine neurovascular bundle).